检验医学 ›› 2021, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (2): 194-197.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8640.2021.02.015

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云浮地区肺结核病患者结核分枝杆菌复合群耐药性分析

林小玲1, 梁立锋2, 吴影桃3, 赵杰明2, 蔡秋月3   

  1. 1.罗定市人民医院检验科,广东 云浮 527200
    2.云浮市慢性病防治中心检验科,广东 云浮 527300
    3.云浮市慢性病防治中心结核病防治科,广东 云浮 527300
  • 收稿日期:2019-09-05 出版日期:2021-02-28 发布日期:2021-02-28
  • 作者简介:林小玲,女,1981年生,学士,主管技师,主要从事临床检验工作。

An drug resistance analysis on the mycobacterium tuberculosis complex of pulmonary tuberulosis in Yunfu city

LIN Xiaoling1, LIANG Lifeng2, WU Yingtao3, ZHAO Jieming2, CAI Qiuyue3   

  1. 1. Department of Clinical Laboratory,Luoding People's Hospital,Yunfu 527300,Guangdong,China
    2. Department of Clinical Laboratory,Yunfu Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Control,Yunfu 527300,Guangdong,China
    3. Division of Tuberculosis Control,Yunfu Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Control,Yunfu 527300,Guangdong,China
  • Received:2019-09-05 Online:2021-02-28 Published:2021-02-28

摘要:

目的 分析云浮地区肺结核病患者结核分枝杆菌复合群(MTBC)耐药特点,为制定个体化治疗方案提供指导。方法 收集云浮市区及4个县区结核病门诊初诊结核病患者痰培养阳性菌株1 571株,采用对硝基苯甲酸(PNB)鉴定培养管进行MTBC鉴别试验;采用比例法进行菌株对9种抗结核病药物(4种一线,5种二线)的体外药物敏感性试验。结果 1 571株菌株中,有1 514株(96.4%)被鉴定为MTBC,57株(3.6%)被鉴定为非结核分枝杆菌(NTM)。有237株(15.7%)MTBC耐药,耐药模式以单耐药为主,耐药率由高到低依次为单耐药(9.60%)、多耐药(3.80%)、耐多药(2.20%)、广泛耐药(0.07%)。体外药物敏感性试验结果显示,菌株对4种一线抗结核病药物的耐药率由高到低依次为链霉素(11.2%)、异烟肼(7.5%)、利福平(3.7%)、乙胺丁醇(3.4%);对5种二线抗结核病药物的耐药率由高到低依次为氧氟沙星(1.8%)、对氨基水杨酸(1.5%)、卷曲霉素(0.5%)和丙硫异烟胺(0.5%)、卡那霉素(0.3%)。耐多药结核病菌株对一线抗结核病药物乙胺丁醇的耐药率最高(67.6%),其次为链霉素(52.9%);对二线抗结核病药物氧氟沙星的耐药率最高(23.5%),对卡那霉素的耐药率为0。菌株对一线抗结核病药物组合异烟肼+利福平+链霉素+乙胺丁醇、异烟肼+利福平+乙胺丁醇、异烟肼+利福平的耐药率分别为41.2%、26.4%和20.6%,对二线抗结核病药物组合异烟肼+利福平+链霉素+乙胺丁醇+氧氟沙星的耐药率为14.7%。发现的唯一1株广泛耐药菌株对9种抗结核病药物均耐药。结论 云浮地区肺结核病患者细菌耐药情况遏制较好,但仍需根据体外药物敏感性试验结果选择个体化治疗方案,规范二线抗结核病药物的合理使用,预防耐药尤其是耐多药和广泛耐药情况发生。

关键词: 肺结核病, 结核分枝杆菌复合群, 药物敏感性试验, 耐药

Abstract:

Objective To analyze the characteristics of drug resistance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex(MTBC)in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis in Yunfu city so as to guide individualized treatment. Methods A total of 1 517 sputum culture-positive strains were selected from newly visit tuberculosis patients in Yunfu urban area and 4 counties. MTBC was identified by P-nitrobenzoic acid(PNB)culture medium. Meanwhile,anti-tuberculosis drug sensitivity test of 9 drugs(4 first-line drugs and 5 second-line drugs)were conducted by proportional method. Results Of the 1 571 strains, 1 514(96.4%)were identified as MTBC,and 57(3.6%)were identified as Nontuberculous mycobacterium(NTM). There was 237 strains(15.7%)of drug-resistance MTBC. The drug-resistance pattern was dominated by monoresistance(9.6%),followed by polyresistance(3.8%),multidrug resistance(2.2%),and extensive resistance(0.07%). The drug resistance rates of the 4 first-line drugs were streptomycin(11.2%),isoniazid(7.5%),rifampicin(3.7%)and ethambutol(3.4%). The drug resistance rates of the 5 second-line drugs were ofloxacin(1.8%),aminosalicylic acid(1.5%),capreomycin(0.5%),protionamide(0.5%),and kanamycin(0.3%). In the 4 first-line drugs,ethambutol had the highest drug resistance(67.6%)to multidrug resistance tuberculosis,followed by streptomycin(52.9%). In the 5 second-line drugs,ofloxacin had the highest drug resistance(23.5%)to multidrug resistance tuberculosis,and the drug resistance rate of Kanamycin was zero. The drug resistance rate of the first-line combination of isoniazid+rifampicin+streptomycin+ethambutol,isoniazid+rifampicin+ethambutol,and isoniazid+rifampicin were 41.2%,26.4% and 20.6%. The most common combination of multidrug resistance tuberculosis second-line drugs was isoniazid+rifampicin+streptomycin+ethambutol+ofloxacin,and its drug resistance rate was 14.7%. The extensively drug-resistant strain was found in one patient, and it was resistant to all tested drugs. Conclusion The drug resistance of tuberculosis was well controlled in Yunfu city. However, it is necessary to plan personalized treatment based on drug sensitivity test results in vitro,standardize the use of second-line anti-tuberculosis drugs,and prevent drug resistance,especially multidrug resistance and extensively drug resistance.

Key words: Pulmonary tuberculosis, Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex, Drug sensitivity test, Drug resistance

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